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Have you ever felt overwhelming sadness or a persistent lack of interest or pleasure in activities you once enjoyed, lasting for an extended period of time? If so, you may have experienced depression.
In a world where mental health awareness has become more prominent, it is important to shed light on one of the most recognized, although misunderstood, mental health disorders - depression. Depression affects millions of individuals worldwide, transcending race, age, gender, and socio-economic boundaries, with being prevalent in 1 out of every 6 people(16.6%) experiencing depression at some point in their life. In this week's article, we will explore the complexities of depression, its various facets, symptoms, and, most importantly of all, avenues and resources that are available for those seeking help. What is Depression? Depression is not simply feeling sad or down for a day or two; rather, it is a complex mental health disorder that can be characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of interest in daily activities that is referred to as a depressive episode. This condition also has the ability to affect how one thinks and acts, which can lead to various emotions and/or physical complications that decrease their ability to function at school, home, work, and/or social gatherings. Mental health professionals use material from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which outlines specific criteria, including symptoms, for diagnosing depression. Much like other mental health conditions, depression is not a one-size-fits-all diagnosis and can manifest itself in different ways; each presenting itself with unique characteristics and may require different treatment approaches. The following list will be presenting some of the most common types of clinically defined depression that can affect any individual: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) - when an individual experiences prevalent severe symptoms that interfere with their capability to work, sleep, and personal care for at least two weeks Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD) - when an individual experiences moderate to mild symptoms of depression that lasts longer than typically two years. Bipolar Disorder - An individual alternates between depressive and manic episodes with symptoms including euphoria or irritability, increase or decrease in activity/energy, racing thoughts, decreased need to sleep, and impulsive, reckless behavior. Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) - as referenced in its name, individuals experience various degrees of symptoms with seasonal changes throughout a calendar year, generally starting in late fall and lasting throughout the winter, and symptoms begin to dissipate with the coming of spring and summer. Postpartum Depression - Individuals who are pregnant or have recently given birth experience varying degrees of symptoms anywhere from a matter of months to a couple of years after delivery. Causes and Symptoms of Depression In order to address the root of the problem, it is essential to understand the causes of depression. This mental disorder can arise in any individual due to any of the following factors or a combination of such: Some individuals may experience depression from biological factors, such as chemical imbalance in the brain or genetic predispositioning can play a critical role. Environmental factors also have the potential to contribute to one's depression, such as trauma(either physical or psychological), chronic stress, and/or loss of a loved one. Additionally, continuous exposure to violence, abuse, neglect, and/or poverty has the capability to make someone vulnerable to depression. Lastly, an individual's personality, such as low self-esteem, easily overwhelmed by stress, and/or generally appearing pessimistic, can play an essential role in their depression. Accompanying potential factors are the symptoms that individuals can display when experiencing a depressive episode. While the duration and severity of symptoms can vary, common signs include changes in appetite, sleep disturbances, fatigue, and persistent feelings of sadness; recognizing potential symptoms is crucial for early intervention. The following are other noted symptoms that have been connected to depression:
The Impact of Depression Much like other mental disorders, depression doesn’t just affect the individual; it creates a rippling effect on relationships, work, and overall quality of life. Those grappling with depression may find it challenging to perform well at school or work, as well as create or maintain social connections. Depending on the age group of an individual, depression can impact them differently and may showcase as follows: Children who experience depression may be anxious, cranky, refuse to go to school or social gatherings, display attachment complexions, and /or worry that a parent may die. Teens with depression may get into trouble at school, have low self-esteem, be easily irritated or frustrated, and/or feel restless, while others may experience hypersomnia, which is excessive sleepiness. They may also have other disorders accompanying their depression, such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, eating disorders, and/or substance abuse disorder. Younger adults are also more susceptible to irritability and hypersomnia, as well as displaying negative views of the world or themselves. Some also start to experience physical changes that have the potential to lead to other medical conditions. Much like teens, young adults also often have other disorders accompanying or driving their depression, such as generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, substance use disorder, and social phobia(s). Middle-aged adults experiencing depression may have a decreased libido, irregular insomnia, mid-sleep awakenings, and/or an increase in depressive episodes. Some may acquire other medical conditions that are linked to their depression, such as psychomotor skills changing, gastrointestinal issues, and/or irregular blood pressure (hypertension or hypotension). Older adults who experience depression will commonly have more mild symptoms and encounter episodes of sadness, grief, lack of empathy, or apathy, as well as other less obvious displaying symptoms. In more drastic cases, some may gain pseudodementia, which is prominent memory and thinking complications that have the potential to further contribute to their depression. Treatment Options There are numerous therapeutic and medical treatment options available for those who are experiencing the hardship of depression, although not every option is suitable for all, and individuals should only utilize treatments that they are comfortable with. The following methods of treatment have been noted to be effective for those combating depression: Psychotherapy/Cognitive-Behvaioral Therapy(CBT) is one of the most common forms of treatment with an Individual discussing their experiences with a professional therapist in order to acquire effective tools and exercises to manage their depression. Medication is another form of treatment that can be prescribed by a psychiatrist. It is commonly used in cases of those who exhibit severe symptoms or have biochemistry factors present. One can be prescribed two common medication types: SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) or SNRIs (serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors). Support groups have also shown to be a significant form of treatment for those dealing with depression by providing a safe, nonjudgemental environment for individuals to connect and share their experiences. Many support groups are done by utilizing a peer-to-peer conversation setting that is usually mediated in some aspect or by a counselor. Conclusion Seeking professional help may be daunting, although it is imperative if you or someone you know may be experiencing symptoms of depression. Mental health professionals include psychologists, psychiatrists, and counselors who are trained and equipped with tools and exercises to provide support tailored to individual needs. The following list provides reputable potential avenues of treatment for individuals experiencing depression.
Depression is a multi-faced mental health disorder that affects millions around the world. By better understanding its various forms, factors, and symptoms, individuals better equip themselves with tools and exercises to alleviate their depression. Remember that you are not alone, and there is always support available for a hopeful tomorrow. We're here to offer support and guidance. Feel free to share your thoughts and experiences in the comments below. References Depression - National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). (2023). National Institute of Mental Health. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/depression Depressive disorder (depression). (2023). World Health Organization (WHO). https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression Psychiatry.org - What Is Depression? (2024). American Psychiatric Association. http://psychiatry.org/patients-families/depression/what-is-depression Trivedi, M. H. (2023). The Link Between Depression and Physical Symptoms. NCBI. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC486942/
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Rene D. CzerwinskiNationally Certified Couselor and Psychotherapist serving the greater Seattle metro area. |
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